殷墟,是中国商代后期都城的遗址,是中国历史上被证实的第一个都城,位于安阳市殷都区。殷墟出土了大量的青铜器、甲骨文等具有珍贵史料价值的文物。其中重达875公斤的“司母戊大方鼎”,是珍贵的青铜器;而甲骨文则是中国古老的文字、汉字的前身,它的发现,改变了中国的考古编年史,把中国有文字记载的可信历史提前到了商朝。
殷墟总面积非常大,达到24平方公里,游客游览的主要是殷墟博物馆、殷墟王陵遗址和殷墟宫殿宗庙遗址等处。景区内的指示牌非常清晰,根据这些指示牌步行游览非常轻松。景区内的博物馆陈列了大量的青铜器、石器、玉器等出土文物,但“司母戊大方鼎”、“妇好鸮尊”等珍贵文物,已经被调配到中国国家博物馆或河南博物院了,在这里你看到的是文物的复制品。
景区内的殷墟王陵遗址,是学术界公认的商王朝的皇家陵地和祭祀场所。宫殿区出土了大量的甲骨文、青铜器等,其中包括“司母戊大方鼎”。这里先后发现了13座王陵大墓,2000多座陪葬墓、祭祀坑与车马坑。王陵遗址的东区,祭祀坑的数量众多,坑内有不少人(殉葬的人)、畜骨架,是殷王室祭祀先祖的一个公共祭祀场地。
殷墟的宫殿宗庙遗址,是商王处理政务和居住的场所,是殷墟最重要的遗址和组成部分,包括宫殿、宗庙等建筑基址80余座。在宫殿宗庙遗址的西面和南面,有一条人工挖掘的防御濠沟,将宫殿宗庙环抱其中,起到类似宫城的作用。宗庙遗址也是世界文明古国中著名的“古典城邦”之一。
宫殿宗庙遗址区内还有商王武丁的配偶——“妇好”的墓,这是迄今为止发现的一座保存完整的商王室成员墓葬,也是唯一能与甲骨文联系并断定年代、墓主人及其身份的商代王室成员墓葬。墓室内还发现有“殉人”16人,出土器物上千件,包括骨器、玉器和青铜器。
在景区的东部,还建有“甲骨碑林”,用碑刻的形式,展示了大量的甲骨文,有兴趣的游客可以去看看。
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1. 这里除了可以观赏一些出土文物外,更多是以“夯土基址”形式出现的商代遗址。
2. 如果你是古遗址或者考古爱好者,这里是你的最爱。如果你对历史不是很感兴趣,那来到这里会感到少许有些无趣。